The Effect of Shallot Skin Extract Concentration on The Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Anthocyanin-Cellulose Films
Abstract
Chicken meat spoilage during storage can be monitored and prevented using smart packaging that contains active antioxidant and antibacterial compounds. This research aims to determine the effect of shallot skin extract concentration on the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of anthocyanin cellulose films for active packaging development. The method used to test antioxidant activity was the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl) method, while the antibacterial activity test used the liquid diffusion method. Antioxidant activity test results showed that the cellulose-anthocyanin film has an IC50 value of 1.36 µg/mL which was classified as very strong antioxidant activity. The antibacterial activity thest showed that overall the cellulose-anthocyanin film could inhibit the growth of bacteria, both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Shallot skin extract can be used as anthocyanins source which have antibacterial and antioxidant activity for smart packaging development.
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References
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Moomin, D.W. & Sulistijowati, R. 2021. Mutu Edible Film Karaginan Kompleks Ekstrak Buah Mangrove ( Sonneratia Alba ) dan Hambatannya Terhadap Bakteri Pembentuk Histamin pada Tuna Loin. 3(1): 27–37.
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Siahaan, I.Y., Nasution, H.M., Nasution, M.A. & Rahayu, Y.P. 2023. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi N-Heksan Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 6(4): 1553–1560. Tersedia di https://journal-jps.com/new/index.php/jps/article/view/258 [Diakses 12 Juni 2024].
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Wang, L. 2020. A pH-intelligent response fish packaging film:Konjaglucomannan/carboxymethyl cellulose/blackcurrant anthocyanin antibacterial composite film, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,Volume 204, 2022, Pages 386-396, ISSN 0141-8130. 309: 127752. Tersedia di https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.127752.
Wiczkowski, W., Romaszko, J., Bucinski, A., Szawara-Nowak, D., Honke, J., Zielinski, H. & Piskula, M.K. 2008. Quercetin from Shallots (Allium cepa L. var.aggregatum) Is More Bioavailable Than Its Glucosides , ,3. The Journal of Nutrition, 138(5): 885–888. Tersedia di https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022316622097929 [Diakses 12 Juni 2024].
Widodo, S., Yusa, N.M. & Timur Ina, P. 2021. Pengaruh Waktu Maserasi Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Mundu (Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA), 10(1): 14.
Zhang, X., Xiao, N., Wang, H., Liu, C. & Pan, X. 2018. Preparation and Characterization of Regenerated Cellulose Film from a Solution in Lithium Bromide Molten Salt Hydrate. Polymers, 10(6): 614. Tersedia di http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/10/6/614 [Diakses 8 November 2023].
Zhao, L., Liu, Y., Zhao, L. & Wang, Y. 2022. Anthocyanin-based pH-sensitive smart packaging films for monitoring food freshness. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 9: 100340. Tersedia di https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666154322000734 [Diakses 8 November 2023]
Bekhit, A.E.-D.A., Holman, B.W.B., Giteru, S.G. & Hopkins, D.L. 2021. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and its role in meat spoilage: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 109: 280–302. Tersedia di https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092422442100011X [Diakses 12 November 2023].
Dong, H., Ling, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Ramaswamy, S. & Xu, F. 2020. Smart colorimetric sensing films with high mechanical strength and hydrophobic properties for visual monitoring of shrimp and pork freshness. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 309: 127752. Tersedia di https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S092540052030099X [Diakses 12 Juni 2024].
Dong, Y., Yang, C., Zhong, W., Shu, Y., Zhang, Y. & Yang, D. 2022. Antibacterial effect and mechanism of anthocyanin from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13: 974602. Tersedia di https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.974602/full [Diakses 12 Juni 2024].
Esati, N.K., Darmika, R., La, E.O.J. & Prasetya, A.A.N.P.R. 2021. UJI Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Dan Ekstrak Air Daun Afrika Asal Bali Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Acta Holistika Pharmciana, vol.3(2): 24–29.
Hayati, F., Dewi, E.N. & Suharto, S. 2020. Karakteristik dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Edible Film Alginat Dengan Penambahan Serbuk Spirulina platensis (Characteristic And Antioxidant Activity of Alginate Edible Film With The Addition Of Spirulina platensis Powder). Saintek Perikanan : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 16(4): 286–293.
Hidayati, S., Zulferiyenni & Satyajaya, W. 2019. Optimasi Pembuatan Biodegradable Film dari Selulosa Limbah Padat Rumput Laut Eucheuma Cottonii dengan Penambahan Gliserol, Kitosan, CMC dan Tapioka. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia (JPHPI), 22(2): 340–354.
Jeyaraj, E.J., Vidana Gamage, G.C., Cintrat, J.-C. & Choo, W.S. 2023. Acylated and non-acylated anthocyanins as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents. Discover Food, 3(1): 21. Tersedia di https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s44187-023-00062-8 [Diakses 12 Juni 2024].
Kumar, M., Barbhai, M.D., Hasan, M., Punia, S., Dhumal, S., Radha, Rais, N., Chandran, D., Pandiselvam, R., Kothakota, A., Tomar, M., Satankar, V., Senapathy, M., Anitha, T., Dey, A., Sayed, A.A.S., Gadallah, F.M., Amarowicz, R. & Mekhemar, M. 2022. Onion (Allium cepa L.) peels: A review on bioactive compounds and biomedical activities. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 146: 112498. Tersedia di https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0753332221012841 [Diakses 12 Juni 2024].
Kuswandi, B. & Nurfawaidi, A. 2017. On-package dual sensors label based on pH indicators for real-time monitoring of beef freshness. Food Control, 82: 91–100. Tersedia di https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0956713517303274 [Diakses 12 November 2023].
Luo, N., Varaprasad, K., Reddy, G.V.S., Rajulu, A.V. & Zhang, J. 2012. Preparation and characterization of cellulose/curcumin composite films. RSC Advances, 2(22): 8483. Tersedia di http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=c2ra21465b [Diakses 8 November 2023].
Mardiah, N., Mulyanto, C., Amelia, A., Lisnawati, L., Anggraeni, D. & Rahmawanty, D. 2017. Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Ekstrak Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Dengan Metode DPPH. Jurnal Pharmascience, 4(2). Tersedia di https://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journal/index.php/pharmascience/article/view/5768 [Diakses 12 Juni 2024].
Mohseniâ€Shahri, F.S. & Moeinpour, F. 2023. Development of a pHâ€sensing indicator for shrimp freshness monitoring: Curcumin and anthocyaninâ€loaded gelatin films. Food Science & Nutrition, 11(7): 3898–3910. Tersedia di https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fsn3.3375 [Diakses 8 November 2023].
Moomin, D.W. & Sulistijowati, R. 2021. Mutu Edible Film Karaginan Kompleks Ekstrak Buah Mangrove ( Sonneratia Alba ) dan Hambatannya Terhadap Bakteri Pembentuk Histamin pada Tuna Loin. 3(1): 27–37.
Papuc, C., Goran, G.V., Predescu, C.N., Nicorescu, V. & Stefan, G. 2017. Plant Polyphenols as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents for Shelfâ€Life Extension of Meat and Meat Products: Classification, Structures, Sources, and Action Mechanisms. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 16(6): 1243–1268. Tersedia di https://ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1541-4337.12298 [Diakses 12 Juni 2024].
Rahmah Sari, S., Wardhani, R., Umar, F., Husain, D.R. & Iwansyah, A.C. 2024. Antibacterial activity of Shallots (Allium xwakegi Araki.) cultivars in Palu Valley against Salmonella Typhi ATCC 27870 through in vitro and in silico evaluation. Iranian Journal of Microbiology. Tersedia di https://publish.kne-publishing.com/index.php/IJM/article/view/15354 [Diakses 12 Juni 2024].
Rawdkuen, S., Faseha, A., Benjakul, S. & Kaewprachu, P. 2020. Application of anthocyanin as a color indicator in gelatin films. Food Bioscience, 36: 100603. Tersedia di https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2212429218301780 [Diakses 12 Juni 2023].
Sagita, L., Glorina, E.M. & Siswanto, S. 2021. Karakteristik Flavonoid dari Daun Kitolod dengan Proses Maserasi dan Enkapsulasi. ChemPro, 2(02): 44–51.
Samart Sai-Ut 2021. Using Anthocyanin Extracts from Butterfly Pea as pH Indicator for Intelligent Gelatin Film and Methylcellulose Film. Current Applied Science and Technology, 21: 652661. Tersedia di http://doi.nrct.go.th/?page=resolve_doi&resolve_doi=10.14456/cast.2021.52 [Diakses 8 November 2023].
Siahaan, I.Y., Nasution, H.M., Nasution, M.A. & Rahayu, Y.P. 2023. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi N-Heksan Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 6(4): 1553–1560. Tersedia di https://journal-jps.com/new/index.php/jps/article/view/258 [Diakses 12 Juni 2024].
Thuy, N.M., Thuy, N.T.M., Cuong, N.P., Huyen, L.T.N., Phuong, N.P., Nguyen, L.T.T., Kim, J.H., Thu, N.T. & Tai, N.V. 2019. Identification and extraction method of quercetin from flesh and skin of shallot (Allium ascalonicum) cultivated in Soc Trang province, Vietnam. Food Research, 4(2): 358–365. Tersedia di https://www.myfoodresearch.com/uploads/8/4/8/5/84855864/_13__fr-2019-306_thuy.pdf [Diakses 12 Juni 2024].
Wang, L. 2020. A pH-intelligent response fish packaging film:Konjaglucomannan/carboxymethyl cellulose/blackcurrant anthocyanin antibacterial composite film, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,Volume 204, 2022, Pages 386-396, ISSN 0141-8130. 309: 127752. Tersedia di https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.127752.
Wiczkowski, W., Romaszko, J., Bucinski, A., Szawara-Nowak, D., Honke, J., Zielinski, H. & Piskula, M.K. 2008. Quercetin from Shallots (Allium cepa L. var.aggregatum) Is More Bioavailable Than Its Glucosides , ,3. The Journal of Nutrition, 138(5): 885–888. Tersedia di https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022316622097929 [Diakses 12 Juni 2024].
Widodo, S., Yusa, N.M. & Timur Ina, P. 2021. Pengaruh Waktu Maserasi Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Mundu (Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA), 10(1): 14.
Zhang, X., Xiao, N., Wang, H., Liu, C. & Pan, X. 2018. Preparation and Characterization of Regenerated Cellulose Film from a Solution in Lithium Bromide Molten Salt Hydrate. Polymers, 10(6): 614. Tersedia di http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/10/6/614 [Diakses 8 November 2023].
Zhao, L., Liu, Y., Zhao, L. & Wang, Y. 2022. Anthocyanin-based pH-sensitive smart packaging films for monitoring food freshness. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 9: 100340. Tersedia di https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666154322000734 [Diakses 8 November 2023]
Published
2024-06-30
How to Cite
Adu, R. (2024). The Effect of Shallot Skin Extract Concentration on The Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Anthocyanin-Cellulose Films. Jurnal Saintek Lahan Kering, 7(1), 4-7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32938/slk.v7i1.2577
Section
Original research article
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